What is Petroleum Refinery ?
That is a set of facilities and equipment that are linked to the operation of refining crude oil.
It includes different types based on the structure and materials produced. Each refinery also contains different parts, each of which has a specific task in order to produce and improve the quality of oil fires.
Crude oil
Crude oil is a smelly, thick black or dark brown liquid.
This liquid is not very useful in raw or unprocessed form and is not very useful in a way that has come out of the ground.
This liquid has a relatively high viscosity . The main compounds that make upآare hydrocarbons. In the past, some countries in areas where oil naturally and spontaneously reached the surface used this concentrated liquid for bitumen plating and as a fuel for lighting and heat on a limited basis.
With the passage of time and the advancement of human science، the value and properties of crude oil were realized as Black Gold. Then mankind began drilling in oil-rich areas and extracting this valuable substance.
The world's first official oil well was drilled on January 24, 1859, in Pennsylvania Marica by "Colonel Edwin Laurentian Drake" and the extraction of oil was officially completed.
Origin of crude oil
The originأ the formation of crude oil, in fact, material is derived from the remains of living flora and fauna that have accumulated over thousands of years in the Earth's layers and been converted into crude oil under pressure and heat.
The tiny, countless creatures that live in the seas، lakes, and swamps called plankton are the most important sources of crude oil. The distribution of plankton at sea level is not uniform, and these organisms are mostly concentrated in shallow areas of the sea and close to the coasts.
After the destruction, these creatures settle on the sea floor and mix with different sediments. If the conditions of the site are appropriate, over time, the sediment will go to the underlying layers of the Earth and become crude oil under pressure.
Substances contain 15-35% oxygen and 10-7% hydrogen. Petroleum materials contain up to 4% oxygen and 11-15% hydrogen. So the conversion of substances into hydrocarbons is a regenerative phenomenon that can be done with the help of non-aerobic bacteria in the depths of the. In this way, the material through a series of bacterial decomposition and corruption reactions. condensation and polymerization into a highly concentrated hydrocarbon material called Kerogen ،which is the primary mothership in the crude oil structure.
Petroleum Refining
Refining of crude oil and processing it, the set of operations, which means they have a lot of diverse materials, including gasoline, kerosene, oil, natural gas, or fuel oil,, oil,, furnace, grease, etc., bitumen, and so on, from the crude oil obtained.Refinery
The refinery refers to industrial facilities that are placed in yen crude oil under the Ferrari and converted into more useful and widely used products.
Types of refineries
In general, refineries can be divided into three categories in terms of manufactured products:
1. Fuel refineries. Which are the most common type of refineries and the goal آ is to produce common fuels such as gasoline liquefied gas kerosene and… Like Tehran refinery، refinery Badan، Arak refinery and etc.
2. Oil refineries. That the products produced a variety of oils and lubricants, light and heavy are bitumen etc. These products can either produce oil separately or do so in the continuation of the operation of a fuel refinery. Famous refineries in this field can be referred to as Pars oil refinery oil refinery.
3. Petrochemical refineries.In addition to producing fuel products, they produce raw materials for petrochemical units such as aromatics, ethylene, butadiene, etc. One of the famous refineries in this field is the Persian Gulf Star Refinery.
Which countries are refining crude oil ?
This material is refined all over the world. The largest refinery in the World, integrated refining (Paraguana Refining Complex), is called in Venezuela are located. The refinery can refine the Daily 940000 barrels of crude oil.
Which countries are refining crude oil ?
This material is refined all over the world. The largest refinery in the World is Paraguana Refining Complex. The refinery can refine the Daily 940000 barrels of crude oil.
Crude oil refining steps
The process of filtration and refining of oil includes several stages, all of which in turn are of great importance، these stages are:
• Desalination
• Atmospheric Distillation Unit (CDU)
• Vacuum Distillation Unit VDU)
• Thermal cracking
• Purification with hydrogen (hydrotrating)
• Catalytic cracking
• Catalytic reforming
• Alkylation and isomerization
• Gas purification
Rich gas
Exhaust gas from an oil field or gas caps or independent gas fields is called gaseous. Rich gas is converted to light gas after refining.
In this article, we tried to review the most important definitions and terms of petrochemical and refining Basin. These definitions and terms are very specialized and are useful for any person who wants to work in the field of petrochemical and refining.